Hidrogéis de Quitosana Estrutura e Aplicações Tópicas
publicado em 01/06/2008
Renata V. Contri, Nataly M. Siqueira e Silvia S. Guterres
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
Quitosana, um derivado da quitina, é um polímero catiônico biodegradável e mucoadesivo. Reticulações entre cadeias poliméricas individuais permitem a formação de hidrogéis. Este artigo revisa a estrutura e aplicações tópicas desses hidrogéis em distribuição transdérmica e local de droga, e na reconstituição da pele.
Chitosan, a chitin derivative, is a biodegradable and mucoadherent cationic polymer. Crosslinks between individual chitosan polymer chains allow the formation of hydrogels. This article reviews the structure and topical applications of such hydrogels in transdermal and topical drug delivery and in skin wound healing process.
Quitosana, un derivado de la quitina, es un polímero catiónico biodegradable y mucoadhesivo. Las reticulaciones entre las cadenas poliméricas individuales permiten la formación de hidrogeles. Este artículo revisa la estructura y aplicaciones tópicas de tales hidrogeles en la distribución transdermal y local de la droga, y en la reconstitución de la piel.
Estrutura dos Hidrogéis de Quitosana
Com adição de interligante
Sem a adição de interligante
Aplicações Tópicas dos Hidrogéis de Quitosana
Para incorporação de fármaco com efeito local na pele
Na manutenção da pele após ferimentos e queimaduras
Conclusão
Hidrogéis são redes poliméricas tridimensionais que absorvem grandes quantidades de água enquanto permanecem insolúveis devido a interligações entre as cadeias individuais do polímero.1 A quantidade de água retida depende de fatores como a hidrofilía das cadeias do polímero e densidade de interligações. Estas ligações podem ser devido à união covalente ou podem ser formadas por forças físicas entre os segmentos de polímero, como força iônica ou ligações de hidrogênio.2 Diferentemente de redes poliméricas hidrofóbicas, que apresentam pequena capacidade de absorção de água, os géis hidrofílicos podem apresentar propriedades físico-químicas únicas, como sensibilidade às variações de pH e ausência de interações hidrofóbicas, que os tornam vantajosos para diversas aplicações, como a liberação controlada de fármacos e ativos cosméticos e a incorporação de biomacromoléculas. Além disso, o preparo de hidrogéis geralmente é realizado à temperatura ambiente e não há necessidade da adição de solventes orgânicos.1
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