Homeostase da Permeabilidade da Barreira, Seu Fundamento Bioquímico e Regras
publicado em 01/04/1998
Dr. Kenneth R. Feingold
Serviço Médico e Dermatológico Centro Médico do Departamento de Assuntos de Ex-Combatentes, San Francisco, CA, Estados Unidos
O autor analisa as diversas alterações metabólicas da epiderme, inclusive aumento da síntese epidérmica de lipídios fundamentais (colesterol, ácidos graxos, esfingolipídios) e do DNA, que mantém a permeabilidade da barreira da pele e a restauram após rompimento.
The author discuss the various metabolic changes in the epidermis, including in creases in epidermal synthesis of the key lipids (cholesterol, fato acids, sphingolipids) and DNA, that maintain the skin's permeability barrier and repair it following barrier disruption.
El autor examina los diferentes cambios metabólicos en la epidermis, incluindo los aumentos de la sintesis epidérmica de lipidos fundamentales (colesterol, ácidos grasos, esfingolipinas) y DNA que mantien la barrera a la permeabilidad de la piel y reparan su alteración.
Rompimento da Barreira
Restauração da Barreira
Marcos Iônicos da Recuperação da Barreira
Homeostase da Barreira em Idosos
Síntese Epidérmica de Lipídios
ELS: Colesterol
ELS: Ácidos Graxos
ELS: Esfingolipídios
ELS: Necessidade para a Restauração da Barreira
ELS: Três são Fundamentais
Processamento Extracelular de Lipídios
Síntese Epidérmica do DNA
Geração Epidérmica de Citonina
Uma das funções importantes da pele é servir de barreira de proteção para evitar a perda de fluidos. Essa barreira cutânea localiza-se na camada do estrato córneo (SC) da epiderme, formada por dois componentes: corneócitos inviáveis enriquecidos com proteínas e regiões intercelulares sobrecarregadas de lipídios.3,4 Tendo por base a enorme massa de dados experimentais, obtidos por uma variedade de métodos e processos de pesquisa, aceita-se hoje amplamente que os lipídios, dentro das regiões intercelulares, são fundamentais para a formação da barreira.3,4
A composição lipídica do SC difere, em muito, das demais camadas da epiderme e de outros tecidos.44,51 O SC é composto, principalmente, por três classes de lipídios: esteróis livres, ácidos graxos livres e ceramidas.
Para visualizar o restante do artigo faça seu login ou então se cadastre gratuitamente e acesse todo o conteúdo disponível.
1. Brown EM. Extracellular Ca++and other ions as extracellular (first) messengers. Physiol Rev 17:371-411, 1991.
2. Denda M, Wood LC, Emami S. Calhoun C. Brown BE, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Epidermal hyperplasia associated with repeated barrier disruption by acetone treatment or tape stripping cannot be atributed to increase water loss. Arch Dermatol Res 288:230-238, 1996.
3. Downing DT. Lipid and protein structures in the permeability barrier of mammalian epidermis. J Lipid Res 33:301-313, 1992.
4. Elias PM, Menon GK. Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier. Adv in Lipid Res 24:1-26, 1991.
5. Elias PM, Feingold KR. Lipids and the epidermal water barrier: Metabolism regulation and pathophysiology. Sem Dermatol 11:176-182, 1992.
6. Feingold KR. The regulation and role of epidermal lipid synthesis. Adv Lipid Reg 24:57-82, 1991.
7. Feingold KR. The regulation of epidermal lipid synthesis by permeability barrier requirements. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 8: 193-210, 1991.
8. Feingold KR, Brown BE, Lear SR, Moser AH, Elias PM. Localization of the novo sterologenesis in mammalian skin. J Invest Dermatol 81:365-369, 1983.
9. Feingold KR, Brown BE, Lear SR, Moser AH, Elias PM. The effect of ossencial fatty acid deficiency on cutaneous sterol synthesis. J Invest Dermatol 87:588-591, 1986.
10.Feingold KR, Man MQ. Menon GK, Cho SS, Brown BE, Elias PM. Cholesterol synthesis is required for cutaneous barrier function in mice. J Clin Invest 86:696-702, 1990.
11. Forslind B. Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of skin. Acta Derm Venereol 134:1-8, 1987.
12.Ghadially R, Brown BE, Hanley K Reed JT, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Decreased epidermal lipid synthesis accounts for altered barrier function in aged mice. J Invest Dermalol 106:1064-1069, 1996.
13. Ghadially R, Brown BE, Sequeira-Martin SM, Feingold KR, Elias PM. The aged epidermal permeability barrier: structural functional and lipid biochemical abnormalities in humans and a senescent murine model. J Clin Inves! 95:2281-2290. 1990.
14.Grubauer G. Feingold KR, Elias PM. The relationship of epidermal lipogenesis to cutaneous barrier function. J Lipid Res 28:746-752, 1987.
15.Grubauer G, Feingold KR, Harris AM, Elias PM. Lipid content and lipid type as determinants of the epidermal permeability barrier. J Lipid Res 30-89-96, 1989.
16. Holleran WM, Feingold KR, Man MQ, Gao WN, Lee JM, Elias PM. Regulation of epidermal sphingolipid synthesis by permeability barrier function. J Lipid Res 32:1151-1158, 1991.
17.Holleran WM, Gao WN, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Localization of epidermal sphingolipid synthesis and surine palmitoyl transferase activity: Alterations imposed by permeability barrier requirements. Arch Dermatol Res 287-254-258, 1996.
18. Holleran WM, Man MQ, Gao WN, Menon GK, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Sphingolipids are required for mammalian barrier function: Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis delays barrier recovery after acute perturbation. J Clin Invest 88:1338-1345, 1991.
19. Holleran WM, Takagi Y, Menon GK, Jackson SM, Lee JM, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Permeability barrier requirements regulate epidermal B-glucocerebrosidase. Lipid Res 35:905-911, 1994.
20. Holleran WM. Takagi Y, Monon GK, Lugler G, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Processing of epidermal glucosylceramides is required for optimal mammalian cutaneous permeability barrier function. J Clin Invest 91:7658-1684, 1993.
21. Lee SH. Elias PM, Feingold KR, Mauro T. A role for ions in barrier recovery after acute perturbation. J Invest Dermatol 102:976-979, 1994.
22. Lee SH, Elias PM, Proksch E, Menon GK, Man MQ, Feingold KR. Calcium and potassium are important regulators of barrier homeostasis in murine epidermis. J Clin Invest 89:530-538, 1992.
23. Liou A, Elias PM, Grunfeld C. Feingold KR, Wood LC. Amphiregulin and nerve growth factor expression are regulated by barrier status in murine epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 108:73-77, 1997.
24. Lo JS, Oriba HA, Maibach HI, Bailin PL. Transepidural potassium ion, chloride ion and water flux across delipidized and cellophane tape stripped skin. Dermatologica (Basal) 180:66-68, 1990.
25. Malmquut KG. Carlson LE. Roomans GM. Proton and electron microprobe analysis of human skin. Nuclear Instr Meth Phy Res 3:611-617, 1984.
26. Man MQ, Brown BE, Wu-pong S, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Exogenous inert vs physiological lipids: Divergent mechanisms for correction of permeability barrier function. Arch Dermatol 131:809-816, 1995.
27. Man MQ, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Fatty acids are required for epidermal barrier function. J Clin Invest 92:791-798, 1993.
28. Man MO, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Exogenous lipids influence permeability barrier recovery in acetone-treated murine skin. Arch Derm 129:728-738, 1993.
29. Man MO, Feingold KR, Jain M, Elias PM. Extracellular processing of phospholipids is required for permeability barrier homeostasis. J Lipid Res 36:1925-1935, 1995.
30. Man MO, Feingold KR, Thornfeld CR, Elias PM. Optimization of physiological lipid mixtures for barrier repair. J Invest Dermatol 106:1096-1101, 1996.
31. Man MO, Mauro T, Bench G, Warren R, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Calcium and potassium inhibit barrier recovery after disruption, independent of the type of Insult in hairless mice. Experimental Dermatol (aceito para publicação).
32. Menon GK, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Integrity of the permeability barrier is crucial for maintainance of the epidermal calcium gradient. Br J Dermatol 130:139-147, 1994.
33. Menon GK, Elias PM, Lee SH, Feingold KR. Localization of calcium in murine epidermis following disruption and repair of the permeability barrier. Cell and Tissue Research 270:503-512, 1992.
34.Menon GK, Elias PM, Feingold KR. The lamellar body secretory response to barrier disruption. Invest Dermatol 98:279-289, 1992.
35. Menon GK, Elias PM, Feingold KR, Mose AH, Brown BE. De novo sterologenesis in skin; Fate and function of newly synthesized lipids. J Lipid Res 26:418-427, 1985.
36. Menon GK, Grayson S, Elias PM. Tonic calcium reservoirs in mammalian epidermis: Ultrastructural localization by ion-capture cytochemistry. J lnvest Dermatol 84:508-512, 1985.
37. Menon GK, Price LF, Bommannan B, Elias PM, Feingold PM. Selective obliteration of the epidermal calcium gradient leads to enhanced lamellar body secretion. J Invest Dermatol 102:789-795, 1994.
38. Ottey KA, Wood LC, Grunfeld C, Elias PM, Feigold KR. Cutaneous permeability barrier disruption increases fatty acid synthetic enzyme activity in the epidermis of hairless mice. J Invest Dermatol 104:401-405, 1995.
39. Proksch E, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Localization and regulation of epidermal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity by barrier requirements. Biochem Biophys Acta 1083:71-79, 1991.
40. Proksch E, Elias PM, Feingold KA. Regulation of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in murine epidermis: Modulation of enzyme content and activation state by barrier requirements. J Clin Invest 85:874-872, 1990.
41. Proksch E, Elias PM, Feingold KR, Man MQ. Barrier function regulates epidermal DNA synthesis. J Clin Invest 87:1668-1673, 1991.
42.Proksch E, Holleran WM, Menon GK, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Barrier function regulates epidermal lipids and DNA synthesis. Br J Derm 128:473 482, 1993.
43. Prottey C. Essencial fatty acids and the skin. Br Dermatol 94:579-587, 1976.
44. Schurer NY, Elias PM. The biochemistry and function of stratum corneum lipids. Adv in Lipid Res 24:27-56, 1991.
45. Tsal JC, Faingold KR, Crumrine D, Wood LC, Grunfeld C, Elias PM. Permeability barrier disruption alters the localization and expression of TNFa protein in the epidermis. Arch Dermator Res 286:242-248, 1994.
46. Wood LC, Elias PM, Calhoun C, Tsai JC, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Barrier disruption stimulates interleukin-1 alpha expression and release from a pre-formed pool in murine epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 106:397-403, 1996.
47. Wood LC, Elias PM, Sequeira-Martin SM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Occlusion lowers cytokine mRNA levels in essential fatty acid deficient and normal mouse epidermis but not after acute barrier disruption. J Invest Dermatol 103:834-838, 1994.
48.Wood LC, Feingold KR, Sequeira-Martin SM, Elias PM, Grunfeld C. Barrier function coordinately regulates epidermal IL-1 and IL-1 receptorantagonist mRNA levels. Exp Dermatol 3:66-60, 1994.
49.Wood LC, Jackson SM, Elias PM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Cutaneous barrier perturbation stimulates cytokine production in the epidermis of mice. J Clin Invest 90:482-487, 1992.
50. Yang L, Man MQ, Taljebini M, Elias PM, Feingold PM. Topical stratum corneum lipids accelerates barrier repair after tape stripping, solvent treatment. Brit J Dermatol 133:679-685, 1995.
51. Yardley HJ, Summerly R. Lipid composition and metabolism in normal and diseased epidermis. Pharmacol Therapy 13:367-383, 1991.
Deixar comentário
Para comentar é preciso fazer login no sistema.